Metasurface based pattern reconfigurable antenna for 2.45 GHz ISM band applications

In this article, a Z‐shaped antenna is designed for 2.45 GHz ISM band applications. The proposed antenna is surrounded by metasurface‐based unit cells. The unit cells are designed to reflect for the proposed frequency. Each of this unit cells are activated with the help of a diode. Unit cell is considered active by switching on the diode of respective unit cell. According to the activation of unit cell the pattern of the antenna will be reconfigured. The 2.45 GHz ISM band pattern reconfigurable microstrip antenna is presented. The radiation pattern of the antenna can be steered toward a desired direction by activating appropriate metasurface unit cell, minimizing the interference and optimizing medium usage. The proposed antenna performance is presented with the help of reflection coefficient and the pattern steerable capability by activating metasurface unit cells. The proposed antenna is having azimuth‐pattern reconfigurable capability around 360°.     

基于紧耦合结构的宽带基站天线设计

随着5G移动通信频段的公布,传统基站天线已不足以覆盖其工作频段。文章以紧耦合阵列天线理论为基础,提出了一种基于紧耦合结构的交叉偶极子宽带基站天线。该天线由两对正交的领结状偶极子天线构成,通过两对交叉偶极子之间的耦合效应,有效地展宽了天线的阻抗带宽。同时,通过在天线和金属反射板之间加载电阻型频率选择表面,吸收由反射板引入的谐振反射波,改善天线高频端辐射性能。仿真及测试结果表明:该天线在1.7-3.6 GHz 频率范围内,可以满足基站天线的设计指标,两端口驻波比均小于1.5,两端口之间隔离度大于55 dB,半功率波束宽度满足65°±5°范围,且整个频段内增益均大于8.5 dBi。     

一种相位测试用曲口面天线的设计与应用

相位测试技术可满足不同外形天线罩的在线测试需求。通过数值仿真,设计最佳变换曲线完成矩形 传输波导与圆形辐射天线的拟合连接,能够有效降低天线驻波比,实现测试探头的高增益收发,提升测试有效性。 在维持驻波比参数前提下,对天线口面弧线给予二次曲率调整,可以适应不同外形天线罩的测试稳定性要求。根据 仿真结果加工的低驻波比反射相位测试天线,已应用于多个型号天线罩成型中的相位在线测试,提高了监控的有效 性,验证了设计仿真结果的正确性。     

In Silico Study on Tumor-Size-Dependent Thermal Profiles inside an Anthropomorphic Female Breast Phantom Subjected to Multi-Dipole Antenna Array

Electromagnetic hyperthermia as a potent adjuvant for conventional cancer therapies can be considered valuable in modern oncology, as its task is to thermally destroy cancer cells exposed to high-frequency electromagnetic fields. Hyperthermia treatment planning based on computer in silico simulations has the potential to improve the localized heating of breast tissues through the use of the phased-array dipole applicators. Herein, we intended to improve our understanding of temperature estimation in an anatomically accurate female breast phantom embedded with a tumor, particularly when it is exposed to an eight-element dipole antenna matrix surrounding the breast tissues. The Maxwell equations coupled with the modified Pennes’ bioheat equation was solved in the modelled breast tissues using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) engine. The microwave (MW) applicators around the object were modelled with shortened half-wavelength dipole antennas operating at the same 1 GHz frequency, but with different input power and phases for the dipole sources. The total input power of an eight-dipole antenna matrix was set at 8 W so that the temperature in the breast tumor did not exceed 42 °C. Finding the optimal setting for each dipole antenna from the matrix was our primary objective. Such a procedure should form the basis of any successful hyperthermia treatment planning. We applied the algorithm of multi for multi-objective optimization for the power and phases for the dipole sources in terms of maximizing the specific absorption rate (SAR) parameter inside the breast tumor while minimizing this parameter in the healthy tissues. Electro-thermal simulations were performed for tumors of different radii to confirm the reliable operation of the given optimization procedure. In the next step, thermal profiles for tumors of various sizes were calculated for the optimal parameters of dipole sources. The computed results showed that larger tumors heated better than smaller tumors; however, the procedure worked well regardless of the tumor size. This verifies the effectiveness of the applied optimization method, regardless of the various stages of breast tumor development.     

Estimation of Antenna Correlation Coefficient of N-Port Lossy MIMO Array

This paper proposes a simple yet accurate method for estimating the antenna correlation coefficient (ACC) of a high-order multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The conventional method employed to obtain the ACC from three-dimensional radiation patterns is costly and difficult to measure. An alternate method is to use the S-parameters, which can be easily measured using a network analyzer. However, this method assumes that the antennas are highly efficient, and it is therefore not suitable for lossy MIMO antenna arrays. To overcome this limitation, we define and utilize the non-coupled radiation efficiency in the S-parameter-based ACC formula. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results of a 4-port highly coupled lossy MIMO array. Further, the proposed method can be applied to N-port arrays by expanding the calculation matrix.     

Cylindrical conformal single-patch microstrip antennas based on three dimensional woven glass fiber/epoxy resin composites

Three dimensional integrated microstrip antenna (3DIMA) can carry the designed load while functioning as an antenna. In this study, the cylindrical conformal single-patch 3DIMAs with various curvatures were designed, simulated, fabricated and tested experimentally using a 3D orthogonal woven glass preform/epoxy resin composite system. The electromagnetic performances of the cylindrical microstrip antennas were analyzed. The simulated and tested results matched well and the return losses of the cylindrical conformal 3DIMAs with radii of curvatures of 60, 45 and 25 mm were less than −10 dB while resonant frequencies and their gain values were significantly influenced by the radius of curvature and the feeding direction. The 3DIMAs with the curvature perpendicular to the feeding directions showed more stable resonant frequencies and larger gain values than those of 3DIMAs with the curvature along their feeding directions.     

浅谈短波天线的维护和保养

随着小功率短波实验台的不断建设，如何更好的利用和维护天线成了各短波实验台站关注的问题。本文以我台的垂直笼型天线为例进行介绍。垂直笼型天线在短波广播频段的中低频段具有较强的地波全向辐射能力，主要用于对城区和附近周边地区进行压制干扰。     

Improved error performance for generalised spatial modulation with enhanced spectral efficiency

The existing analytical average bit error rate (ABER) expression of conventional generalised spatial modulation (CGSM) does not agree well with the Monte Carlo simulation results in the low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) region. Hence, the first contribution of this paper is to derive a new and easy way to evaluate analytical ABER expression that improves the validation of the simulation results at low SNRs. Secondly, a novel system termed CGSM with enhanced spectral efficiency (CGSM‐ESE) is presented. This system is realised by applying a rotation angle to one of the two active transmit antennas. As a result, the overall spectral efficiency is increased by 1 bit/s/Hz when compared with the equivalent CGSM system. In order to validate the simulation results of CGSM‐ESE, the third contribution is to derive an analytical ABER expression. Finally, to improve the ABER performance of CGSM‐ESE, three link adaptation algorithms are developed. By assuming full knowledge of the channel at the receiver, the proposed algorithms select a subset of channel gain vector (CGV) pairs based on the Euclidean distance between all CGV pairs, CGV splitting, CGV amplitudes, or a combination of these.     

基于对数螺旋曲线的宽带高仰角HF小型化通信天线

介绍一种工作在3~30 MHz的宽带、圆极化、高仰角、短波小型化天线。天线以对数螺旋线为基本结构,具有底端RLC集总元件的复合加载结构,并采用矩量法进行天线设计和优化。天线尺寸在25 m×25 m×10 m范围内。实践表明,该天线具有占地小、架设简便、效率高、200 km范围内无盲区等优点,可广泛应用于短波机动通信领域。